CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Porsolt offers models in all areas of psychopharmacology, epilepsy, sleep-wake, and neurodegenerative disorders. We are uniquely placed to offer a full range of CNS efficacy and safety pharmacology assessments, from basic models and regulatory tests, through the evaluation of abuse and dependence liability and proconvulsant risk using EEG.
ACUTE EPILEPSY MODELS |
> Electrical stimulation
Maximal Electroshock Test: tonic convulsions are induced by an electrical stimulation of high intensity.
Other test: Electroconvulsive Theshold Test (electrical stimulation of intermediate intensity)
> Chemical substance
Pentylenetetrazol seizures test: Pentylenetetrazol administered subcutaneously, induces clonic and tonic convulsions in the mouse or in the rat.
Other substances can be used to induce convulsions (bicuculline, strychnine or picrotoxin).
MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK | Carbamazepine | Mouse/Rat | p.o. | yes |
Diazepam | Mouse | p.o., i.p. | yes | |
Lamotrigine | Rat | p.o. | yes | |
Valproate | Rat | i.p. | yes | |
ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK THRESHOLD | Diazepam | Mouse/Rat | p.o., i.p. | yes |
Valproate | Rat | i.p. | yes | |
PENTYLENETETRAZOL-INDUCED CONVULSIONS | Diazepam | Mouse/Rat | p.o., i.p. | yes |
Valproate | Rat | i.p. | yes | |
TEST | REFERENCE | SPECIES | ROUTE | EFFECT |
> Electrical stimulation
6-Hz Psychomotor Test: electrical stimulation induces seizures characterized by forelimb clonus and Straub tail in the mouse .
CHRONIC EPILEPSY MODELS |
> Genetic animal model
DBA/2 mice are susceptible to audiogenic seizures and exibit wild running followed by clonic and tonic convulsions when exposed to highintensity sound.
> Electrical stimulation
Electrical Amygdala Kindling test: partial seizures with secondary generalization are induced by repeated electrical stimulation in a limbic region (amygdala for example).
AUDIOGENIC SEIZURE | Mouse | Carbamazepine | p.o. | yes |
Mouse | Diazepam | p.o., i.p. | yes | |
Mouse | Lamotrigine | p.o. | yes | |
Rat | Valproate | i.p. | yes | |
ELECTRICAL AMYGDALA KINDLING | Rat | Carbamazepine | p.o. | yes |
Rat | Diazepam | p.o. | yes | |
Mouse | Valproate | i.p. | yes | |
TEST | SPECIES | REFERENCE | ROUTE | EFFECT |
> Parameters measured
- Seizure score based on the Racine’s scale.
- Afterdischarge duration evaluated by EEG recording.